Dimitar Nikolov Asenov ( ; 10 May 1840 – 10 August 1868), better known as Hadzhi Dimitar (Хаджи Димитър ), was one of the most prominent Bulgarian voivode and revolutionaries working for the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule.
Biography
Early life
Dimitar was born in
Sliven (İslimiye), which was then part of the
Ottoman Empire, to the family of the merchant Nikola Asenov and his wife Marinka Asenova. When he was two years old, his family went on a
pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, from which point onward, Dimitar was considered to be a
hajji (хаджия).
[Although the term hajji suggests the pilgrimage of a Muslim person to Mecca, it was also widely used by Christianity in the Ottoman Empire to refer to a Christian who has completed a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Its status as an honorific title remained unchanged.] During Hadzhi Stavri's Uprising of 1862 Hadzhi Dimitar wandered through the
Balkan Mountains with a band of revolutionaries for the whole summer.
Early revolutionary work
He joined the band of
Stoyan Voyvoda in 1864 as a standard bearer. The band consisted of twelve people and was formed after the murder of the
Greeks bishop of
Veliko Tarnovo. However, it disbanded before entering the city and its members separated from their leader. Hadzhi Dimitar assumed command and led the band into the
Balkan Mountains near
Sliven and then to
Romania in August.
Another band was formed in the home of Georgi Sava Rakovski on 21 May 1865. Among its members were Hadzhi Dimitar, Stefan Karadzha, Yurdan Yurdanov, Petar Shivarov and Todor Shivarov. The band crossed the Danube near Silistra on 13 June and headed for the mountains near Kotel through the Ludogorie. It was active in the region of the Tundzha, Tvarditsa, Karlovo, Gabrovo and the well-known hajduk gathering place Aglikina Polyana. This band returned to Romania in August 1865.
A 20-member band crossed the Danube from Romania in the summer of 1866. It was led by Dyado Zhelyo, Hadzhi Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha. It split into three after reaching the mountains and was active until the autumn, when it regrouped to return to Romania.
Hadzhi Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha's band
The band of Hadzhi Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha was established in Romania in 1868. Many of the members had been participants in the unsuccessful
Belgrade-based Second Bulgarian Legion. Dimitar's band crossed the Danube at
Vardim in a sail boat on 5 July and engaged in a battle with an Ottoman pursuing party of a thousand men in the vineyards of
Karaisen, near
Pavlikeni. The band managed to give the enemy the slip and reached the territory of
Gorna Lipitsa. A second battle followed there on 7 July, in which the band caused considerable damage to the Ottomans while only losing one member and two others being wounded. The band proceeded to
Vishovgrad, where it also fought on 8 July. On the next day, not far to the south-southeast, there was a bloody fight in which Karadzha was wounded and captured, and the band was defeated. The remaining 58 members proceeded to the Balkan Mountains under the leadership of Hadzhi Dimitar, only to be crushed at
Buzludzha Peak on 18 July. After being defeated in this last battle, leader Hadzhi Dimitar, heavily wounded, was carried on a stretcher by his surviving comrades away from Ottoman army, up Mount Kadrafill, 3 km from the village of
Svezhen. There he and his comrades were supported by the local people with water, food and herbs, until his death somewhere around the middle of August 1868. He was buried beneath the same mountain. On 6 November 1880, his bones were reburied in the yard of the "St.Peter and St.Paul" Church in the village of Svezhen. The funeral service was conducted by the Bishop of
Plovdiv Gervassius of Levkia, who made Hadzhi Dimitar a martyr. After nearly two months, the bones of the hero were requested by and given to his mother, who brought them to his birthplace in
Sliven. His death inspired
Hristo Botev poem "Hadzhi Dimitar" in 1873:
Honours
Hadzhi Dimitar Peak on
Graham Land,
Antarctica is named after Hadzhi Dimitar.
Roads and Neighbourhoods in Several Cities and Towns in Bulgaria are named after Hadzhi Dimitar.
Subway Station Hadzhi Dimitar Metro Station is named after Hadzhi Dimitar.
Citations
